Wheel Alignment: What It Is and Why It Matters

Wheel alignment refers to suspension geometry that affects tire wear and handling. Here is a general overview using standard industry terminology.

Vehicle on an alignment rack with measurement sensors on the wheels

Wheel alignment refers to adjustments of the vehicle suspension geometry so that the wheels meet the road at the angles specified by the vehicle manufacturer. Proper alignment supports even tire wear and predictable handling.

The Three Primary Angles

Toe. Whether the wheels point slightly inward or outward when viewed from above. Incorrect toe is a common cause of rapid tread wear.
Camber. The inward or outward tilt of the wheel when viewed from the front. Incorrect camber can cause uneven wear on the inner or outer edge of a tire.
Caster. The forward or rearward tilt of the steering axis. It mainly affects steering feel and straight line stability.

When an Alignment Inspection Is Commonly Recommended

After a significant pothole or curb impact.
When installing a new set of tires.
When the vehicle pulls to one side on a flat, straight road.
When the steering wheel is not centred while driving straight.
When uneven tread wear is visible.

Alignment adjustments should be performed by a qualified technician using equipment suited to the vehicle. Specifications are published by the vehicle manufacturer and vary by model and trim.

The Three Primary Angles

Toe. Whether the wheels point slightly inward or outward when viewed from above. Incorrect toe is a common cause of rapid tread wear.
Camber. The inward or outward tilt of the wheel when viewed from the front. Incorrect camber can cause uneven wear on the inner or outer edge of a tire.
Caster. The forward or rearward tilt of the steering axis. It mainly affects steering feel and straight line stability.

When an Alignment Inspection Is Commonly Recommended

After a significant pothole or curb impact.
When installing a new set of tires.
When the vehicle pulls to one side on a flat, straight road.
When the steering wheel is not centred while driving straight.
When uneven tread wear is visible.

Alignment adjustments should be performed by a qualified technician using equipment suited to the vehicle. Specifications are published by the vehicle manufacturer and vary by model and trim.